Piperine is the primary pungent alkaloid found in black peppercorns and derived from piper nigrum. Its primary use has historically been as a “gustatory enhancer” or a digestive aid due to its effect of maximizing nutrient absorption. It activates the TRPV1 vanilloid receptor similarly to capsaicin but actually more efficiently, meaning it is effective for pain mitigation as well. In this formula we are utilizing the wide variety of piperine effects all simultaneously. We require its absorption enhancing effects to enact on the other active ingredients in the formula, all of which are fat soluble and generally struggle to be absorbed. We also harness its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties which will help with the pain, inflammation and healing process.